![]() The Swedish company Electrolux launched their Model V in 1921 with the innovation of being able to lie on the floor on two thin metal runners. The design weighed just 17.5 kg (39 lb) and could be operated by a single person. In Continental Europe, the Fisker and Nielsen company in Denmark was the first to sell vacuum cleaners in 1910. Subsequent innovations included the beater bar in 1919 ("It beats as it sweeps as it cleans"), disposal filter bags in the 1920s, and an upright vacuum cleaner in 1926. Their first vacuum was the 1908 Model O, which sold for $60 ($1,810 in 2021 dollars ). Unable to produce the design himself due to lack of funding, he sold the patent in 1908 to local leather goods manufacturer William Henry Hoover (1849–1932), who had Spangler's machine redesigned with a steel casing, casters, and attachments, founding the company that in 1922 was renamed the Hoover Company. Crucially, in addition to suction from an electric fan that blew the dirt and dust into a soap box and one of his wife's pillow cases, Spangler's design utilized a rotating brush to loosen debris. In 1907 department store janitor James Murray Spangler (1848–1915) of Canton, Ohio invented the first portable electric vacuum cleaner, obtaining a patent for the Electric Suction Sweeper on 2 June 1908. The Cleveland, Ohio factory was built in 1916 and remains open currently, and all Kirby vacuum cleaners are manufactured in the United States. Later revisions came to be known as the Kirby Vacuum Cleaner. Kirby developed his first of many vacuums called the "Domestic Cyclone". steam engine powered system with pipes and hoses reaching into all parts of the building.Įarly electric vacuum cleaner by Electric Suction Sweeper Company, c. Booth's horse drawn combustion engine powered "Puffing Billy", maybe derived from Thurman's blown-air design", relied upon just suction with air pumped through a cloth filter and was offered as part of his cleaning services. ![]() Booth also may have coined the word "vacuum cleaner". In 1901 powered vacuum cleaners using suction were invented independently by British engineer Hubert Cecil Booth and American inventor David T. Corrine Dufour of Savannah, Georgia received two patents in 18 for another blown-air system that seems to have featured the first use of an electric motor. Thurman's system, powered by an internal combustion engine, traveled to the customers residence on a horse-drawn wagon as part of a door to door cleaning service. 634,042) for a "pneumatic carpet renovator" which blew dust into a receptacle. ![]() The end of the 19th century saw the introduction of powered cleaners, although early types used some variation of blowing air to clean instead of suction. The device is also sometimes called a sweeper although the same term also refers to a carpet sweeper, a similar invention. In New Zealand, particularly the Southland region, it is sometimes called a lux, likewise a genericized trademark and used as a verb. The name comes from the Hoover Company, one of the first and more influential companies in the development of the device. Specialized shop vacuums can be used to suck up both solid matter and liquids.Īlthough vacuum cleaner and the short form vacuum are neutral names, in some countries (UK, Ireland) hoover is used instead as a genericized trademark, and as a verb. Vacuum cleaners, which are used in homes as well as in industry, exist in a variety of sizes and models-small battery-powered hand-held devices, wheeled canister models for home use, domestic central vacuum cleaners, huge stationary industrial appliances that can handle several hundred litres of dirt before being emptied, and self-propelled vacuum trucks for recovery of large spills or removal of contaminated soil. ![]() The dirt is collected by either a dustbag or a cyclone for later disposal. A vacuum cleaner, also known simply as a vacuum or a hoover, is a device that causes suction in order to remove dirt from floors, upholstery, draperies, and other surfaces.
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